中考题型介绍及解题指导:句型转换

文/我是谁

  句型转换这一题型是先给出一个句子,然后再给出一个包含几个空白处的句子,要求根据括号内的具体要求在第二句的空白处填入适当的词来完成。它有完全的句式转换和句子中某一部分或几部分的转换。下面就来跟小编一起来学习这个语法结构吧。

        中考题型:句型转换

  从题型上看,句型转换可分为两大类:

  一是按要求改写句子。即按照指定要求将原句改写成其他形式的句子,如肯定句改为否定句,陈述句改为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句、感叹句,对划线部分提问等。

  另一类是同义句、近义句的转换,即要求用不同的句型,不同的语言手段表达相同的思想。

  本期我们先来看看按要求改写句子的具体情况。同义句、近义句的转换我们将在下一期做详细介绍。

  按要求改写句子

  按要求改写句子的具体分类如下:

  一、肯定句改为否定句

  1. 改变谓语结构

  在系动词be, become, feel, smell等,助动词be, have, do 等以及情态动词can, may, should等后加not.如果句子的谓语中不是以上这些词,而是行为动词,则相应地将动词的原形,第三人称单数或过去式变为否定形式。如:

  He has seen the film before.

  →He hasn“t seen the film before.

  He will write the book in two months.

  →He won“t write the book in two months.

  He does his homework in the evening.

  →He doesn“t do his homework in the evening.

  2. 用含否定意义的词(如never, nothing, nobody, none, neither, little, few等)。

  (1)always / ever →never, and →or.如:

  He was always late for school last term.

  →He was never late for school last term.

  (2)too→not…either, already→not…yet.如:

  He goes to school by bike, too.

  →He doesn“t go to school by bike, either.

  (3)all→none, both→neither, both…and →neither…nor,此时,谓语动词仍用肯定形式,但当neither作主语,谓语动词用单数形式:“neither …nor…”连接两个主语时,谓语动词应和靠近它的主语保持一致。如:

  He knows all of the workers here.

  →He knows none of the workers here.

  Both of the twins are from England.

  →Neither of the twins is from England.

  3. 当think, believe, suppose等动词后面跟宾语从句时,通常用否定主句的谓语动词来达到否定从句谓语动词的目的。如:

  I think they can come tonight.

  →I don“t think they can come tonight.

  二、陈述句改为疑问句

  1. 一般疑问句。

  Sam often does his homework in the evening.

  →Does Sam do his homework in the evening?

  2. 特殊疑问句。

  I got there the day before yesterday.

  →When did you get there?

  3. 反意疑问句。

  Mary doesn“t work hard.

  →Mary doesn“t work hard, does she?

  注意:Let“s和Let us祈使句的附加问句分别为shall we 和will you.如:

  Let“s go out for a walk, shall we?

  三、陈述句改为感叹句

  The film is very interesting.

  →How interesting the film is!

  It“s a beautiful flower.

  →What a beautiful flower it is!

  一般情况下,what引导的感叹句和how引导的感叹句可相互转换。如:

  How nice the watch is! →What a nice watch it is!

  四、对划线部分提问

  就划线部分提问,是用一个合适的疑问词去替代句中的某一成分,使之成为一个特殊问句。其方法主要是:先依据语意选择相应的疑问词和疑问句语序,句末改用问号。这时我们要注意以下几点:

  (1)选择恰当的疑问词。

  (2)对主语或主语的定语提问时,用陈述句语序。对定语提问时,所修饰的名词应放在疑问词后。

  (3)对其它成分提问,用“疑问词+一般疑问句”语序。如:

  My grandpa has been in Shanxi for ten years.

  →Who has been in Shanxi for ten years?

  Lily“s dog has lost.

  →Whose dog has lost?

  Emma bought one dictionary yesterday.

  →How many dictionaries did Emma buy yesterday?

  句型转换设题广,部分试题难度较大,这就要求同学们有扎实的语言基本功和熟练的解题技巧。

  对于按要求改写句子的试题:首先应注意“要求”的内容;二是要注意选词的准确;三是要注意各种句型的特殊点;四是要注意大小写和拼写的正确。如:

  1. The maths problem is too difficult for him to work out. (改为复合句)

  The maths problem is ______ difficult _____ he can“t work it out.

  2. The surfers both won first prize in the city surfing competition. (改为否定句)

  _____ ______ the surfers won first prize in the city surfing competition.

  3. I think the fastest way to travel is by plane. (改为特殊疑问句)

  ____ do you think the fastest way to travel ______?

  4. Miss Li showed us a picture of the feathered dinosaur. (改为被动语态)

  We _____ ______ a picture of the feathered dinosaur by Miss Li.

  答案与简析:

  1. too…to…(太……而不能……)=so …that …not (如此……以致……不……),所以,应该填so, that.

  2. 从转换后的句式中没有明确的否定词not可知不能用助动词加not的形式来完成。再根据both的反义词是neither,主语又是the surfers,因此应填Neither of.

  3. 本题实际上是对“by plane”提问,改换后的句子只是缺少了“is by plane”,因此,该将“by plane”改为“what”,后一个空用“is”。

  4. 由showed确定要用一般过去时的被动语态,故填were shown / showed.

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