名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。小编在这里整理了相关知识,快来学习学习吧!
英语语法:名 词 性 从 句
主语从句 | 宾语从句 | 表语从句 | 同位语从句 | ||
作及物动词宾语 | 作介词宾语 | ||||
that | 一般不省略 | 可以省略 | 一般不省略 | 一般不省略 | 一般不省略 |
Whether/if(是否) | 放于句首时只用whether | 用whether/if均可,但有区别 | 只用whether | 只用whether | 只用whether |
特殊疑问词 | 注意语序要用陈述语序 | ||||
名词性关系从句 | 注意语序要用陈述语序 |
一、that 从句
1、主语从句
(1)that从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语,常见的句型有:
It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句
It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句
It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that从句
(2)that可以省略,但that从句位于句首时,that不能省略。
2、宾语从句
(1)常见的可以接that从句作宾语的动词有see, say, know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider, be sure, be afraid等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后,如think, make, consider等,可以用it作形式宾语。
(2)That从句一般不能充当介词宾语,偶尔可作except, in 的宾语。
3、表语从句(that不可省略)
4、同位语从句
连词that引导同位语从句时,应在某些抽象名词之后,如:fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility等,对前面的名词起补充说明的作用,that在从句中不担当任何成分,不能省略。
二、whether/if从句
1、在表语从句和同位语从句中只能用whether不能用if;当主语从句放于句首时,只能用whether不用if;当it作形式主语,主语从句放在句末时用whether或if均可;discuss后引导宾语从句时,必须用whether。
2、在宾语从句中:
(1)及物动词后:whether从句中不能有否定式,宾语从句为否定句时用if;if不能与or not连用,但可以用whether or not;whether后可以加不定式。
(2)介词后:只能用whether,不用if。
三、特殊疑问词引导的从句
1、主语从句:特殊疑问词引导主语从句时,常用it作形式主语。
2、宾语从句
(1)常见的能接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句的动词有see, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discuss, understand, inform, advise等。
(2)作介词宾语。
3、同位语从句、表语从句
四、名词性关系从句
What=the thing(s) which/that, whoever=anyone who, whichever=anyone/anything that, whatever=anything that, where=the place where, when=the time when
五、名词性从句的几个难点
(一)that不可省略的情况
1、主语从句,that从句置于句首时;
2、当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时,引导第二和以后几个从句的that不可省略;
3、由it作形式宾语时,that引导的宾语从句中,that不可以省略。
(二)wh-ever与no matter wh-的用法区别
Wh-ever既可引导名词性从句,又可引导让步状语从句;而no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句。
(三)as if/though, because, why可以引导表语从句
注意:because引导的表语从句,主语不能是reason或cause,而且since,as不能引导表语从句。
(四)that引导的同位语从句与关系代词that引导的定语从句的区别
That引导的同位语从句成分是完整的,that在从句中不担当任何成分;that引导的定语从句成分是残缺的,that在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
英语阅读:自黑者自信,越自黑越自信
Humblebrag 谦虚自夸
Humblebrag, the combination of humble and brag, is the lowest, most despicable and loathsome form of self promotion, often delivered in one or two fragmented sentences on social media.
Humblebrag,就是humble(谦虚)和brag(吹嘘、自夸)二词的合成形式,即“谦虚自夸”,是一种最低级、最让人鄙视、最令人厌恶的自我吹捧方式,通常以一两个零散句子的形式出现在社交媒体上。
A typical and popular approach is to use a disingenuous complaint about something, a self-deprecating statement or a comment on something completely innocuous, as a vehicle to deliver the real message, which invariably shows the person in a favorable light. In fact it shows what an attention seeking and insecure person they really are.
常见的典型“谦虚自夸”手段就是通过对某事很虚无的抱怨、自我贬低式的言论或者对某个毫无关联事物的评论来传递他真正想传达的信息,而这个信息体现的肯定是他好的一面。事实上,这种谦虚自夸行为说明他们是极度需要关注、极度缺乏安全感的一群人。
Underbrag 自黑
Underbrag is when you brag your own disaster or situation that one would not normally brag about.
Underbrag就是拿自己经历的灾难性事件或尴尬事件四处传播,一般人都不会拿这些事儿到处说。其实就是“自黑”。
Skilled underbraggers can get away with doing so because the underbrag is not fake like the brag brag; it reveals intimate life details that are interesting and probably even embarrassing; also, it does not show any inclination to hold back or attempt to hide the truth about the person beyond the brag.
高级自黑狂不会因为自黑受到影响,因为自黑不像自夸那么假,自黑揭露的是生活中有趣甚至有点尴尬的小细节,同时也表现出本人对这些事件没有隐瞒或隐藏的意图。
It is a sign of both authenticity and enthusiasm. And power. If you can underbrag and not get fired, grounded, or shamed into brag-bragging, you are a force to contend with indeed.
这是真性情和热情的表现。同时也是一种强大的气场表现。如果你能自黑,而且不会因此被炒鱿鱼、被禁足或者被指虚假自夸,那你就是一股强大的力量。
OK,下面一起来看看老外们都是怎么自黑的。
"I biked drunk last night and fell in a ditch and you should see the bruises!"
我昨晚喝醉骑自行车,然后掉沟里了。那满身的伤啊!
"I woke up with all of my clothes on, including my glasses and boots, and a bucket of chicken wings next to me. I then stumbled to the bathroom, where I discovered a goat in my bathtub! Whatta night!"
我醒来的时候衣衫齐整,眼镜没摘、靴子还在脚上,旁边还有一桶鸡翅。然后我跌跌撞撞来到卫生间,发现浴缸里有一只山羊!我昨晚都干啥了啊!
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